Enn1504 Formats - 2280 Words

15MEMO EXAMPLE MTHATHA SUPERETTE MEMORANDUM TO: All members of staff FROM: J Bloggs Manager DATE: 2 October 2008 ANNUAL STOCKTAKING: 17–18 OCTOBER 2008 As discussed at the staff meeting held on 23 September 2008, all members are invited to participate in the annual stocktaking exercise on the weekend of 17–18 October 2008. To complete this task with as little disruption to normal business as possible, staff members may work on either Saturday, 17 October or Sunday, 18 October, from 08:00 to 18:00. In keeping with company policy and legislation, relevant overtime rates will apply. If you would like to participate, please indicate on the list in my office whether you will work on the Saturday or Sunday. Please do this before†¦show more content†¦Apologies 4. Minutes of the previous meeting 5. Matters arising from the minutes of the previous meeting 5.1 Financial report 5.2 Appointment of new treasurer 6. New matters 6.1 Selection procedure changes for new bursary awards 6.2 Awards ceremony for outstanding achievements 7. General 8. Next meeting 9. Closure Ms H du Toit Secretary 2 August 2007 MINUTES ESKOM Minutes of a meeting of technical staff supervisors held in the Mkondeni Boardroom, on 19 July 2007 1. Welcome The Chairperson opened the meeting and welcomed everyone present. 2. Present Mr N Semunya (Chairperson) Ms AJ Asmal (Secretary) 17 staff members as per attached attendance register. 3. Apologies Mr S Ramsurap 4. Minutes of the previous meeting Minutes of the meeting of 14 June 2007 had been circulated and were taken as read. The minutes were approved subject to the following correction: Item 2 Attendance: The spelling of Mr Semunya’s surname was corrected. 5. Matters arising from the previous meeting 5.1 New computers (point 6.1 of the meeting of 14 June) Mr Smith reported that the 20 new computers had been purchased, as decided during the previous meeting. He said that the computers would be installed by the 22nd of July 2002.104 STUDY UNIT 3 6. New matters 6.1 Low productivity Mr Breytenbach reported that the department was experiencing a lower level of productivity caused by the difficulty of coordinating employees’ wishes to attend to private affairs in working hours. Management

New Moon Book Report Free Essays

This book report is being written for Mr. Reynold Bassant, lecturer for Comparative Literature. The book which was carefully selected is New Moon, it was written by Stephanie Meyer, one of the most promising new authors of this century. We will write a custom essay sample on New Moon Book Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book has 563 pages and was first published in hard cover by Little Brown and Company in September 2006, in the United States of America. After mass circulation and the sale of two million copies, the book became the New York Times Number One bestseller for 2007. It was later published in soft cover by First Media Tie in September 2009. As a sequel to The Twilight Saga, New Moon is now a major motion picture which has received numerous accolades. Even though this saga comes in four parts- Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, I chose to do this review on the second saga because it best documents the sacrifices, heartaches and forgiveness one faces in the trials of true love and friendship. What makes the book even more exciting is the fact that Meyer chooses to weave this web of friendship with a mortal human, a wolf boy and a 145-year-old vampire. I find the book intriguing because Meyer has created an amazing hybrid of romance, tragedy and adventure wrapped between the covers of this exciting sequel. The main characters of the book are Bella Swan, a 17-year-old high school student, her childhood friend and werewolf Jacob Black and Edward Cullen, a mind-reading vampire. Bella moves out of her mother’s home in Phoenix and goes to live with her father Charlie, who is a Sheriff. She promptly falls in love with Edward. Meanwhile, Jacob is a proud descendant of the Quileutes Indian tribe who lives in a reservation called La Push. He and several other Quileutes are honour bound to protect the town from blood thirsty vampires. Because of this both Edward and Jacob are mortal enemies and Bella is trapped in between her star-crossed supernatural love for Edward and her genuine friendship with Jacob. The villains of the book are Victoria, a revengeful vampire, and the ancient Volturi vampire family who uphold law and order among their immortal clan. Other important characters in this book are Edwards’s family- father Carlisle, mother Esme, sisters Rosalie and Alice and his brothers, Emmett and Jasper. Like Edward they are all â€Å"vegetarian vampires† who survive on animal blood. Carlisle is a prominent doctor who saves Bella’s life on two occasions. Alice is psychic who has an uncanny ability to predict the future. Her skill weaves a hypnotic thrill of suspense as she sets the pace for the various scenes in the book. Jasper can control moods with his mind while Emmett has brute strength. Rosalie is considered the most beautiful of the group while Esme is the glue that holds the family together. Meanwhile, Bella’s mother Rene and step-father Phil lives in Florida and keeps regular contact with her through e-mail. Jacob’s father is Billy, a wheel-chair bound Quileute warrior who holds all the secrets of La Push. There are at least six wolves headed by Sam Uley and includes Leah and Seth Clearwater, Quil Atera and Embry Call who safeguard human life in Forks and La Push. New Moon is undeniably a suspense thriller. The book is mainly set in the contemporary rainy town of Forks, located in Washington DC in the United States of America. Most of the scenes take place at Forks, at the La Push Indian reservation, located a few miles away, the town of Port Angeles and finally at Italy where the Volturi clan resides. Both Bella and Edward attend the Forks High school where they spend time with other friends such as Jessica Stanley, Angela and Mike Newton. But in the second chapter when Jasper attempts to attack Bella, Edward becomes concerned and decides to leave Bella so that she could enjoy her human life with someone from her own clan. He makes the ultimate sacrifice knowing that Bella could never fit into his world. When Edward leaves, Bella spends three months as a mere shadow of her former self. She becomes introverted and it was only when Charlie decides to send her back to Jacksonville with her mother that she decides to visit Jacob. She gives him two motorbikes to repair and starts spending all her afternoons at the Reservation. Bella soon realises that whenever she does anything risky, she hears Edward’s voice in her head, cautioning her. She becomes dependant on his voice in her head. When she jumps off a cliff to skydive, Alice gets a vision and Edward believes that Bella had committed suicide. Unable to live with himself, he goes to the Volturi hoping that they can end his life. The Volturi leaders Aro, Caius and Marcus refuse as they value Edward’s mind reading gift. Edward decides to reveal himself to Italians knowing that the ultimate penalty for such exposure would be death. But Alice gets another vision of Edward’s intentions and takes Bella to Italy to save him. She manages to stop him before he commits the act. But the Volturi captures them both. They eventually release Bella and Edward after they both confess their love. They are allowed to leave only when Edward promises to change Bella into a vampire. When they return home, Jacob is broken hearted because he had fallen in love with Bella and cannot believe that she would return to Edward after he rejected her. The book shows the trials of sacrifice and the tragedy of love, especially love that is star-crossed. Although New Moon is a fascinating book filled with myths and legends of ancient tribes, it is unfortunate that Meyer chooses to associate suicide with love. The book reveals that both Edward and Bella cannot live without each other. They both sacrifice themselves for each other’s happiness. While this is commendable, I believe that the emphasis on suicide in the final scene with the Volturi, as well as Bella’s apparent desire to die by doing risky things, is not healthy for the impressionable young readers who read this exciting trilogy. I also find fascinating the plot that Meyer uses where Bella saves Edward. This is a refreshing change from the usual plots where the hero saves the damsels in distress. There is also a strong emphasis on the importance of family and friendship which I find commendable. Therefore, I will definitely recommend this book to other readers as it is impossible to stop reading this sequel once you get started. The book gives one an insight into the sacrifices that we humans would make, in our quest to protect those whom we love. How to cite New Moon Book Report, Papers

Emerging Technologies and Innovation Digital Learning Program

Question: Discuss about theEmerging Technologies and Innovationfor Digital Learning Program. Answer: Introduction: A virtual learning environment is the environment which is based on web based platform usually implemented for digital learning program implemented in the educational schools and institutions. The focus of virtual learning environment is to make compatible the participants in the groups, utilization of resources, roles, cohorts, interaction of activities, and others within the structure of the course. In the virtual reality environment student can actively participate in the learning environment with experiments (Lujan, 2011). It also gives emphasis on different stages utilized in the assessment of working activities, development of report on the basis of participation, and integration with the different units of the institutions. The two major modules of virtual learning environment are authorization and designing environment (Resnik, 2015). The virtual reality learning system influences the teaching process to the high extent. Problem In Current Education System: The problems which are discovered in the current educational system are the societal factors which includes racism, poor structure, poverty, and others, inefficient in providing facilities for learning tactics, issues related to curriculum, process of accreditation which emphasise that the school should run like a family, inefficient training given to the teachers, problem of corruption in education system, and many others (Bresler, 2010). Importance of Solving these Problems: The education is the medium by which the individual is able to acquire skills and knowledge. The positive influence can be seen when the education come in the life of an individual. The awareness and expansion of vision can be seen. The life becomes more disciplined. The respect can be gained by the individual in all conditions. Earning opportunities can be opened to the individual. These all changes together bring the changes in the nation and helps to make a developing nation into developed nation. The unemployment can be eradicated from the country. The trade and commerce in the country can be improved. Purpose and Aim: The aim of this paper is to focus on the virtual reality and self-evaluation techniques in education what are the uses, and how efficient they will work in compatible with current education system. The goal of this project is to provide 3D virtual environment in the education system. The purpose of implementing the virtual reality and self-evaluation techniques in the education system are as follows: Virtual learning environment provides a new way and methods to support visualization. It focuses on visual representation of drawing. It plays the role of alternative method for presentation. The accuracy can be achieved in illustrating the features and processes of the object. The student can achieves motivation by the implementation of virtual reality in their learning environment. The social environment can be achieved by doing collaboration virtual worlds and text inputs. The learner can gain experience of reality in their regular curriculum of educational schedule. The student can actively participate in the learning environment with experiments. Expected Outcomes and Deliverables: The outcome of the virtual reality learning program is that the student can access those equipment and tools which are highly expensive and costly in reality. Multiple views and representation can be seen of the particular object. Virtual reality is the new paradigm for facilitating observation. Flexibility of repeating the process multiple times can be achieved (Buhalis, 2012). Graphics, audio, and videos can be seen by the implementation of virtual learning program in reality. Multi-language facility is also provided in the virtual environment. The student can actively participate in the learning environment with experiments (Brown, 2010). The virtual reality programs are efficient in making the abstract more concrete and visible to the real world (Reddy, 2014). Deliverables can be explained of some example given in the table: S no. Subject Examples Applicability 1. Geography Virtual Globe Visualization of geological sites Data related to satellite and space Good 2. Physics Relativistic effects can be simulated Simulation of Kinematics Study of dynamics Good 3. Astronomy Motion of the planets Virtual planetarium Good 4. Biology Visualization of the medical science Study of virtual microscope Virtual dissection Good 5. Chemistry Simulation of molecular science Good 6. History Ancient cities visualization Simulation of wars in the form of games Good 7. Geometry Construction of building in 3d environment Good 8. Analysis Visualization of the functions Good 9. Architecture Walkthrough, virtual models, Construction and planning Good 10. Economics Economic system can be simulated by making use of collaborative games Mediocre 11. Language No direct use Poor 12. Symbolic Maths No direct use Poor 13. Literature No direct use Poor Methodology: The methodology which is used for converting the current education system with the virtual reality learning environment can be achieved by the implementation of following methodologies which are summarised in the table below: S. no. Category of the framework Issues Measurement 1 Technical framework Usability Time should be given to learn the interface Comprehension of the instruction The environment should be physically and emotionally comfortable 2 Orientation framework Navigation Orientation of the spatial environment Immersion and the presence Feedback Time required for immersion Environment should be comfortable 3 Affective Engagement Preference Confidence Length of engagement Time to reach fatigue Reported and perceived enjoyment 4 Cognitive Conceptual changes Development of the new skills Performance within and outside the environment Think aloud and stimulated record technique Oral and written surveys Video documentation 5 Pedagogical General content Techniques for specific teaching Collaboration of techniques Comparison of techniques Acceptance of Avatar 6 Collaborative virtual reality The value can be added to the Collaboration of virtual reality with the instruction and learning programs Comparison of instruction and learning programs Outside collaboration with the virtual reality environment Work Breakdown Structure: Evaluation of the Learning Environment: The quality of learning capability of the student can be evaluated on the basis of two modules which are categorised as motivation of learning in the student and the satisfaction which their presence revels about the learning material available on the virtual environment. It has been observed that various teaching methods, setting of education according to the age of the student, and others helps in avoiding monotony in the student which in turn helps in bringing the motivation and satisfaction in the student. The achievement of the student reveals the performance and the impact of virtual reality in the education system. Design of evaluation can be described with the help of diagram below: Research Duration: The research on the virtual reality and self-evaluation in the education system is completed in 90 days. The research has set to work on 1 Sep, 2016 and completed on the 30 Nov, 2016. Conclusion: From the research, we have concluded that virtual reality learning system influence the teaching process to the high extent. The achievement of the student reveals the performance and the impact of virtual reality in the education system. Virtual learning environment provides a new way and methods to support visualization. It focuses on visual representation of drawing. It plays the role of alternative method for presentation. The student can actively participate in the learning environment with experiments. The accuracy can be achieved in illustrating the features and processes of the object. The virtual reality programs are efficient in making the abstract more concrete and visible to the real world. References: Lujan, G. (2011).Reason to use virtual reality in education(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://earthlab.uoi.gr/theste/index.php/theste/article/viewFile/22/17 Resnik, D. (2015).On the usability and likeability of virtual games for education.(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.unipi.gr/faculty/mvirvou/ComputersEducation_VirvouKatsionis_Revised.pdf Bresler, L. (2010).Issues in the design and evaluation of virtual reality learning environment(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.evl.uic.edu/documents/mariaroussou_thesis.pdf Buhalis, A. (2012).The benefits of virtual reality in education(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/39977/1/gupea_2077_39977_1.pdf Reddy, K. (2010).Virtual reality in the classroom(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2775context=rtdsei- evaluation%20education%20research%20paper%20pdf%22 Brown, N. (2014).Teaching in virtual reality concepts and evaluation (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.evaluieren.de/infos/veroeff/002.pdf

Waterlily Book Review Essay Example For Students

Waterlily Book Review Essay Ella Cara Deloria, Waterlily (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009; new edition) 251 pgs Ella Cara Deloria (Yankton Nakota) whose translated Dakota name means Beautiful day, was born in 1887. She was born on the Yankton Siuox reservation in South Dakota. Delioria was brought up as a protestant and had strong ties to her cultural upbringing, which were huge influences on her. ( http://voices. cla. umn. edu/ artistpages/deloriaElla. php) Deloria was a member of one of the most influential and educated American-Indian families, her grandfather was a tribal leader; her father as a deacon in the reservations Episcopal mission church. vii) With the intention to become a teacher she first enrolled in Oberlin College in 1910 and then 1913 she enrolled in Columbia Teachers College, where she met Franz Boaz. Franz Boaz was a predominant anthropologist who studied the culture and language of her own Dakota people. Boaz inspired Deloria to create a number of published and unpublished manu scripts, including Waterlily. (xi) Throughout her life Ella maintained connections to her home places and her culture by lecturing, researching, and consulting. These things helped to make her one of the leading authorities on Dakota life and culture. We will write a custom essay on Waterlily Book Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In my opinion, her most remarkable contribution was writing one of the leading books in American-Indian literature, Waterlily. Waterlily is a novel which focuses on the lives of two women, mother and daughter, Waterlily and Blue Bird. The book is named after the daughter of Blue Bird and Star Elk, Waterlily. In the beginning of the book Star Elk abandons Blue Bird by throwing her away publically in an attempt to shame Bluebird, but the attempt did not work because Blue Bird roved herself as a respectable woman . (p. 5) This event brings Bluebird and Waterlily toa different tribe, where Blue Bird finds a suitable father and husband in Rainbow. (p. 31) The reader follows Waterlily through her Journey from birth to adulthood, through happiness and heartbreak, until she ultimately finds true love. The book explores the novel and extraordinary aspects of a Sioux womans life. I believe that Ella Cara Deloria wrote this book to educate people on the life of the Dakota Sioux, because America n-Indians are a subject ignored by many. I also believe hat she wrote the book to explore the lives of Dakota Sioux woman as well as to describe the strength and love that these woman and every woman are capable of. The book also did a fantastic Job of explaining and teaching the reader about the culture and experiences of a member of the Dakota Sioux tribe, before it was tainted by the arrival of the white man. I believe she chose Waterlily for the title because the book focuses on the life of Waterlily beginning at her birth. The book Waterlily , does a fantastic Job of explaining to the reader the roles of omen within the Dakota Sioux tribe. Bluebird, is the mother of Waterlily, whose role is to be a good wife, and mother as well as being hospitable and respectful to the sisters and mother of her husband. Blue Bird also had a responsibility to make useful things for the tribe as well as gifts. Glokus rolls were to take care of her rolls was to make her daughter-in-law feel included and loved by her entire side of the family. Gloku and Blue Bird were very close in part because of this role and also because they truly loved each other. Gloku loved and respected Blue Bird even before their families Joined thorough the marriage of her son Rainbow. Waterlilys roles are slightly more difficult to pinpoint because tribal roles change as a person ages. When Waterlily was a child her role was to be a child, her brother and cousins watched over her and protected her. As she aged into an older child her role was to take care of her younger siblings and cousins. She was also expected to begin taking an active role in the tribe so she could start to get a better understanding of what its ike to be a respected member of the tribe as an adult. .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .postImageUrl , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:hover , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:visited , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:active { border:0!important; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:active , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Entrepreneurship Process and Principles EssayAs Waterlily aged into a young woman her role was to act as a support for her family, primarily her brother. In a Dakota Sioux tribe sisters and brothers are completely devoted to each other, they do anything to help and love one another. When Watelily reached the age to marry, her roles shifted to become similar to the role of her mother, Blue Bird. There were many events in Waterlily which provided the reader with a window into life as a Dakota Sioux. At one point in the book Waterlily eats too much pemmican cake, which akes her very ill almost to the point of death. p. 72) While laying sick her step-father, Rainbow, promises to throw her a hunka ceremony, which would make her a child beloved, a very prestigious status. Later in the novel Rainbow brings his family on a trip to visit his kola where the family gets an opportunity to see the Dakota Sun Dance, which is one of the most important religious events for the Dakota. This ceremony held men, who had made oaths to their words these men fasted, wept, sang, or subjected themselves to ritualized scarring. While the Sun Dance was going on Waterlily observes a young boy named Lowanla, who made a promise to take out one hundred pieces of skin in return for his fathers good health, Lowanla fasts during the ceremony and one night Waterlily sneaks out of her tipi to deliver a bucket of water to the young boy. This boy was Waterlilys first love interest. During this ceremony Waterlily and her cousin had the opportunity to take part in the tree cutting ceremony, which was a coveted opportunity with the children of the tribe. (p. 110) Tisyopaye is the Sioux word for camp circle. A camp circle includes all relatives, including grandparents, parents, sibilings, aunts, uncles, cousins and any other relatives connected through blood, marriage or adoption. Waterlily, Blue Bird, Gloku, Rainbow, Little Chief, Smiling one, Leaping Fawn, and many others were part of Waterlilys Tisyopaye. This book is truly a gift; it opened my eyes to a world and culture that I was previously unaware of. The book focuses a lot on the theme of kinship, particularly the relationships between family members; in a lot of ways the Dakota family is far closer than the typical American family. I believe that one can learn a great deal about love and devotion by reading this book and getting an idea of how the Dakota people put their own selfish wants and needs aside for the good of the Tisyopaye Not only does the book have the ability to change how a person looks at their own life and relationships, but the story is magnificent. Once the book is finished the reader feels as if they have a better understanding of Dakota culture, as well as the satisfaction of reading a fantastic story.

Biology Essay Essays

Biology Essay Essays Biology Essay Paper Biology Essay Paper In the biological perspective, scientist often view the nervous system to be the most complex and significant body system in the human anatomy basically because of its function for the body and its processes. Indeed, sustaining damages to the nervous system has dangerous consequences for the body including seizures, paralysis, and comatose and even death. In this aspect, this paper aim to discuss and critical elaborate the scientific facts about the human nervous system and its anatomy. The human brain is basically part of the nervous system of the human anatomy as its controls, regulates and maintains the nervous functions and processes of the human body. Biologically, the brain is a complex concentration of nerve cells and fibers that is able to process and formulate significant number of nerve activities characterized by electrical impulses. The brain’s anatomy is basically divided into three regions classified to its characteristics and functions namely the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebrum handles all of the distinctly human activities such as speaking, reading, writing and others while the cerebellum handles the aspects of balance and body and muscle coordination. On the other hand, the brain stem serves as the communication port for the brain and the spinal cord as it contains billions of control points for nerve impulses. The nervous system is also composed of numerous nerve cells which are characterized and classified according to their functions namely the sensory or afferent and the motor or efferent. The sensory nerve cells are the medium for inward-traveling impulses wherein they transmit information from the senses to the brain. On the other hand, the motor nerve cells relay informations from the brain to the affected muscle regions for the appropriate body reaction to the impulse. Between the brain and the nerve cells, the spinal cord acts as the expressway for the transmissions and relays of impulses and their respective nervous reactions. Anatomically, the brain connects the brain to the collective nerve cells of the human body as it stretches to the back of the body. This serves as the master nerve tract and consists of millions of nerve fibers bundled together, somewhat like many small threads making up a large rope partially interwoven in the backbone for support.

Creative Metaphor - Definition and Examples

Creative Metaphor s A creative metaphor is an original comparison that calls attention to itself as a figure of speech. Also known as a  poetic metaphor, literary metaphor, novel metaphor, and unconventional metaphor.  Contrast with conventional metaphor  and dead metaphor.  American philosopher Richard Rorty characterized the creative metaphor as a challenge to established schemes and conventional perceptions: A metaphor is, so to speak, a voice from outside logical space. It is a call to change ones language and ones life, rather than a proposal about how to systematize them (Metaphor as the Growing Point of Language, 1991). Examples and Observations Her tall black-suited body seemed to carve its way through the crowded room.(Josephine Hart, Damage, 1991)Fear is a slinking cat I findBeneath the lilacs of my mind.(Sophie Tunnell, Fear)The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.(Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro)Yeatss Dolphin-torn . . . SeaThose images that yetFresh images beget,That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea.(W.B. Yeats, Byzantium)- Although this last line is acutely visual, its three main items, dolphin, gong and sea are as much literal as metaphoric elements of the scene: the poem had begun with the cathedral gong ringing out over the sea, and had gone on to speak of the dolphins in the waters around Byzantium. Of course, dolphin and gong also stand for something elsethe vitality of the living animal, the majesty and authority of religion over the spirit, but they do this primarily as images. Direct metaphor is reduced to a subordinate position here, in the words torn and tormented, since neither of them can literally be applied to water. The first very vividly catches the force with which the dolphin leaps from and returns to its elements. The second communicates the extent to which that element is troubled by the demands of the spiritual.(Stan Smith, W.B. Yeats: A Critical Introduction. Rowman Littlefield, 1990)- By using metaphors, much more can be conveyed, through implication and connotation, than through straightforward, literal  language. Take the case of . . . that literary metaphor dolphin-torn: what exactly is Yeats suggesting about the sea, and how else could this have been expressed? Just as writers convey meaning more open-endedly when they use metaphorical language, readers interpret less narrowly than they would literal language. So meaning is communicated between writer and reader in a less precise way, even though the metaphors may seem concrete and vivid. It is this imprecision, this fuzziness of meaning, which makes metaphor such a powerfu l tool in the communication of emotion, evaluation, and explanation too.(Murray Knowles and Rosamund Moon, Introducing Metaphor. Routledge, 2006) Creative Metaphors Outside LiteratureThe chaotic category creative metaphor includes typically literary examples such as novel metaphors and poetic metaphors. The crucial question is, however, whether it is possible to extend this category beyond literary examples. If this is possibleand an examination of the terms creative and creativity suggests that it isthen it will be possible to find many creative metaphors even in political discourse which is, actually, not very famous for being creative.(Ralph Mueller, Critical Metaphors of Creative Metaphors in Political Speeches. Researching and Applying Metaphor in the Real World, ed. by Graham Low, Zazie Todd, Alice Deignan, and Lynne Cameron. John Benjamins, 2010)Communicating Through Metaphors- Even though our individual stories are different, we communicate through the common language of metaphor by embodying our ideas in images and details. By ruminating upon ourselves, we also conjure stories of others. By this acknowledgment of othe rs experiences, we address a whole range of social, political, and cultural issues.Its impossible to live every life, fight every war, battle every illness, belong to every tribe, believe in every religion. The only way we come close to the whole experience is by embracing what we see both inside and outside the window of the page.(Sue William Silverman, Fearless Confessions: A Writers Guide to Memoir. University of Georgia Press, 2009)- The ground of appropriateness for a new insight provided by a creative metaphorthe compelling condition of the new similarity, what suggests that it fitscannot be restricted to a complex of established perspectives. For it is this complex, or some part of it, that is challenged by the new insight.(Carl R. Hausman, Metaphor and Art. Cambridge University Press, 1989)   See also: MetaphorLove Is a MetaphorThirteen Ways of Looking at a MetaphorUsing Similes and MetaphorsWhat Is a Metaphor?

The Cranes by peter meinke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cranes by peter meinke - Essay Example The bare plot of the story is quite simple: a couple who have mated for life are driving on the seashore and watching the Whooping Cranes, which also mate for life. They admire the cranes and wish that they could see a mating dance. There is not any time to wait, because the woman has a terminal disease. We are never told what the disease is, but we can guess at lung cancer from her coughing. At the end of the story we are not quite sure what will happen, but the author hints that the husband will kill the wife and then himself. The most ironic note in the story is that Whooping Cranes were once almost extinct, but are now a viable population. We might wonder if humans who mate for life are as lucky. We learn all of this in a just a few pages, because the writer uses what we now about the cranes and what most people know about the controversial subject of euthanasia is also used. The description of the tall and stately cranes hints at how the author see the two people, dignified. This is a mainstay of the euthanasia controversy, that people have the right to die with dignity. We find out how old the couple is by the conversation. The man says that he has been coming for years and never seen a Whooping Crane. When she says they make the little birds look like clowns makes him mention that he could use some laughter. This prompts her to wonder if this is the right things to do. She says she feels responsible. It is then that we get a fuller picture of this couple, who have, apparently, been married a very long time. He answers her statement that she feels responsible with a list of all the things he cannot do, and we realize that his health is not very good. At this point we do not know that it is she who is terminally ill, but her statements hint at this. At first read, we might assume that this couple do not believe in God. However, that is not really what is said. She mentions a time when he got

Health and Health Care in London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health and Health Care in London - Essay Example The most horrifying feature of the United Kingdom's demographic feature can be revealed from its burgeoning public health issues over years. The ever rising population, uncontrolled pollution and the bestiality of human desire has dragged out the so called most civilized master of the medieval world to such a point where the future of the country is a big question for the thinkers and planners. A sizeable portion of the country's resources are being diverted towards combating diseases of modern era. In 2007, over 33.2 million people on this earth were reported to have been infected by the HIV out of which 2.5 million were newly infected and 2.1 million people died of AIDS related illness in that year. Globally the Sub Saharan Africa reported 22.5million people living with this deadly disease. It was also reported highest deaths of 1.6 million and new infections of 1.7million followed by the South and South East Asia with 4 million infected people. However the Caribbean region is having second highest adult HIV with 1 percent of adult population infected. (THT Direct 2007) The statistics of the country revealed that HIV has been the fastest growing serious health concern in the UK. Around 89,0000cases of HIV have been reported since 1980s and out of which 17,597 people have already died. There were 7,450 new diagnoses in 2005. The most dangerous information about this disease is that more than 30 percent of the people living with HIV are not aware of their infection. So far as the sexuality of infection are concerned men out numbered women with 2:1 ratio. Anther interesting thing is that 43 percent of all new diagnoses of HIV in 2005 were in London. Near about 30 percent of the HIV diagnoses in 2005 were among homosexual men. HIV has drastically hit the gay community in this country. (UK HIV statistics 2007). The statistical observation of last 17 years data showed that highest numbers of new diagnoses of HIV were among gay men and men who ere having sex with the men except in 1999 when the heterosexuality acquired diagnoses out numbered within UK. Ho wever, the diagnoses among gay men have been in steady rise. In other words the number of cases of HIV diagnosed gay men has been increasing alarmingly since 1999. Among all infectious diseases in the country, HIV is the fourth most commonly diagnosed major sexually transmitted infection among gay men. Near about 31, 100 men who have sex with men are HIV positive. When we observe the condition of UK in the Global frame, it is having 45 percent of all HIV cases and 57 percent of all AIDs cases reported. In 2006, nearly 32 percent of new diagnoses for HIV were among gay men. 43 percent of are living with HIV infection. 63 percent of newly acquired infections are in UK. At the end of 2002, approximately 15,400 African men and women were living with HIV in the UK, out of which 31 percent were undiagnosed. (THT Direct 2007) Demographic and Ethnic Overview of London: The number of people needing HIV care in London during 2005 was 22,473 and during 2006 it increased to 23,986. Between 2005 and 2006, 30 percent of people in the region living with HIV remain undiagnosed and the number of people accessing National Health Service for HIV in London has been reported to have increased by 7 percent. Nearly half of all gay men in London

The study of history is the study of change over time Essay Example for Free

The study of history is the study of change over time Essay Soils of America and other places of the world speak volumes of the breath taking accords and blood streaming accounts of travelers, explorers, pilgrims, discoverers, traders etc. from several places across Europe cutting across the vagaries of oceans to pay their own way for new avenues and opportunities seemed to be waiting for them. Efforts to make their permanent settlements after their long and arduous journey into the lands of America and other places across oceans bore the testament to the beginning of new profound but â€Å"conflicting† relationships between them and non Europeans which time and again saw several changes. This essay will explore in depth the vicious account of 1620 when Pilgrims dropped their anchor at Plymouth, their efforts to settle in the land previously occupied by Native Indians and their relations with them from the vivid account of Nathaniel Philbrick in his â€Å"Mayflower.† And in comparison to it, the brutalities, atrocities and exploitation of King Leopold II of Belgium on the slaves and other natives of Central Africa in King Leopolds Ghost by Adam Hochschild. Exploitation of slaves in the name of development was the hallmark of the social and political construes of the colonies established by Europeans. Hothschild found that â€Å"The nineteenth century European drive for possessions in Africa, the moral rationalization of the â€Å"civilizing† mission was used to justify colonialism† (Nolan, online), and the biggest example of this moment was the formation of Leopol’s International African Association (IAA) in 1876. This association was the result of the conference held by famous explorers in Brussels. The conference was opened by King Leopold speech, â€Å"To open to civilization the only part of our globe which it has not yet penetrated, to pierce the darkness which hangs over entire peoples, is, I dare say, a crusade worthy of this century of progress.† (Hothschild, 44) The main aim of the conference was the abolishment of Arab slave trade, securing peace among the chiefs, and negotiations justly and impartially, but in contrast to it Leopold assigned Henry Morton Stanley to study and explore interiors of Congo.   He said, â€Å"Im sure if I quite openly charged Stanley with the task of taking possession in my name of some part of Africa, the English will stop me So I think Ill just give Stanley some job of exploration which would offend no one, and will give us the bases and headquarters which we can take over later on.† (Hothschild, 58) He studied in detail the types of colonialism of Dutch East Indies, British form of colonizing of India and Africa. He was greatly inspired by the book   â€Å"Java or How to Manage a Colony, by English lawyer JWB Money†, because it gave him techniques for various forms of exploitations in vast colonies. This made Leopold to establish his position on importance of forced labor, whereby he said, â€Å"Forced labor is the only way to civilize and uplift these indolent and corrupt peoples of the Far East.† (Hothschild, 37) Between the years 1885 to 1908, there were around five to eight million labors under the barbaric rule and terror of Leopold. When Hochschild himself read about these acts of barbarism, he was forced to rebuke at his ignorance of horrors of such a magnitude. From then on the account that Hochschild provided made King Leopold’s Ghost as an articulate historical version of the slavery that would always remain a brutal wound in the heart of history. In introduction only Hochschild said, â€Å"unlike other great predators of history, from Genghis Khan to the Spanish conquistadors, King Leopold II never saw a drop of blood spilt in anger. He never set foot in the Congo. There is something very modern about that, too, as there is about the bomber pilot in the stratosphere, above the clouds, who never hears screams or sees shattered homes or torn flesh.† (Hochschild, 4) As compared to it, â€Å"Mayflower† is a struggle of pilgrims to create place for themselves in Plymouth and maintain cordial relationship with native Americans. It is on one hand tragic and on the other hand heroic and profound. Nathaniel Philbrick gave a live account while on his research for Mayflower of 102 passengers who landed at Prince town harbor in 1620 only to be welcomed by the wilderness of the place and was greeted by future governor William Bradford.   There were very few trees and no man in site, as they were virtually wiped out by the series of plague and when Pilgrims reached there they only found whitened bones of the dead people lying scattered along the shoreline. From this place, Pilgrims decided to settle and began their new life but it was not easy for them. They not only had to face physical challenges but also attitude of contention and bitter animosity from the locals who considered them as strangers. Only Wampanoag chief Massasoit was the person to help them without whom their survival would not have been possible at all. More than half of English settlers died and few that survived observed their first anniversary with Thanksgiving feast. But as and as population of English increased, natives felt more threatened and there arose new kind of wars between the two. In 1675, Philip, son of Massasoit’s struck against the English settlers, which came to be known as King Philip’s war. The effect of war soon began to be felt by English settlers in other parts too and soon more than half of the towns were burned or vacated. The war lasted for fourteen months but was considered as bloodiest than civil war. More than 5000 out of total population of 70,000 were killed, but in the end there was victory of pilgrims. Though never a close bond existed between the English and natives yet they negotiated with each other to maintain peaceful coexistence, but greediness took over the next generation. The day Pilgrims landed at Plymouth to this day is celebrated as Thanksgiving Holy Day as gesture to Native Indians for their help and food that they shared with their ancestors. As soon as pilgrims established their settlements on Plymouth, immigration from other European states began at a much larger scale.   Between the years 1815-1860, 1865-1890 and between 1890-1914, more than five million immigrants especially from English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and from northwestern Europe had already made their bases in America. And between 1890-1914, 15 million Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian and Romania came with the lure of the greener pastures. (Schultz, 1999) The direct effect of civilization was the supply cheap labor that gave boost to the economy. With the immigration economic and social conditions of America began to take a new shape and when Industrial revolution began to show signs of promises of better life for all, there was the growth of middle class.   By the end of civil war and 1910, more than 25 million people from as far as Italy, Greece, Poland, Hungary, Russia, Turkey, Lithuania, Romania were associating themselves with rural Americans for jobs and many new opportunities. They brought with them their own varied culture and religious practices and made their presence felt in every arena of social and economic activities and democracy was taken by immigrants in an enthusiastic spirit. K. Schultz said, â€Å"They would often fell into deep emotions and tears fell down their cheeks when they would set their eyes at her. European immigrants would cry with happiness at the thought of escaping autocratic regimes and entering into an egalitarian, democratic society; and those who were evading famines and poverty would weep at the thought of riches and an easy life that they were expecting in store for them. He further said, ‘To all of them, Lady Liberty symbolized a new beginning’†. (Schultz, 1999) By the end of 1990, the population of United States had already touched 75,994,575 mark and despite of restrictions by the Government on immigration processes, settlers had laid their basis in the American soils and intermingled with the contemporary social culture of America. As said by Evert Louhi in 1925, â€Å"American Civilization, and of all civilizations, in the past, today and forever.† (Hoglund, 146) He further stated that, â€Å"Their descendents were the first real Americans.† (Hoglund, 146) On the other side is the grim picture of Africa shown by Adam Hochschild. When America was on a development stage, Africa was being more colonized. When in 1890 there was a rubber boon- result of John Dunlop’s invention of bicycle tyre, Leopard took advantage of the situation and soon occupied vast stretches of rubber lands of Africa and initiated a brutal system of forced labor. Troops would make their entry into the villages, hold children and women hostages to the point of time till men would bring their share of rubber. The extent of the brutality can be clearly reflected in these lines. â€Å"A whip of raw, sun-dried hippopotamus hide, cut into a long sharp-edged cork-screw strip.† (Hochschild, 120) Rape, murder, death and exploitations reduced the population of Congo to half and brought Leopold a fortune of more than $1 billion. Black American evangelist George Shappard, Edward Dene Morel and Roger Casement showed their grave resentment and strived to bring the atrocites of Leopald in front of the world. He got the Congo Protest Resolution passed in the British Parliament in May 1903, still atrocities continued and when Leopold died, he left behind totally devastated Congo. The European and American history is a history of colonizers over colonized and a legacy of temperaments and attitude of Europeans towards their Native neighbors. Both American and Africa culminated into the colonies of the Europeans powers though with slight deviations. In America, Europeans occupied the Native lands and Pilgrims who were the early settlers tried to maintain their relationship with natives though not cordial, but in Africa it was total subjugation of the European powers. Blacks were turned to slaves, caught and brought to America to work on the plantations in America. The legacy of the relationship between Europeans and non-Europeans brought before us one crucial aspect – exploitation in the name of progress and development. Europeans who were considered to be the most civilized societies went on development spree at the cost of other ethnic races belonging to different origins and races. The Oxford English dictionary defined â€Å"Civilization as advanced state of human society† (History Guide, online edition) but when we look at the history of the man as shown by Nathaniel Philbrick, we are raised with the questions, Civilization as in comparison to what? Is it to sow the seeds of barbarism to cultivate civilization? If we look at our history, we will see that the history of world is also the history of immigration-immigration for the lure of greener pastures. The discoveries by anthropologists on the remains of the human beings in the past few decades also revealed the fact that immigration had been a continuous process since centuries –and the basis of the whole relationship between the Europeans and Non Europeans is based on immigration. The immigrants began to feel the alien lands as their own and from there began their scourge journey of life towards exploitation to get richer resources the lands provided. But with the promises of democracy and easy life with dreams of riches, immigrants themselves began to witness numerous hardships in the name of caste, religion, sex and their ethnic origin. The pilgrims who had rooted the deeper roots in America with their toil and blood soon became the land of several races and religions but the Native Americans who were original residents of America were disgruntled lot. They too had to bear the burnt of slavery, subjugation and racism in the name of development. Africa’s picture was different. This place was never able to see the development and economic progress. Its economy was devastated. America was flourishing and Africa was languishing with poor fatigued people and so as other colonies of the world occupied by Europeans. REFERNCE LIST Hochschild, Adam. â€Å"King Leopolds Ghost—A story of greed, terror and heroism in colonial Africa.† Mariner Books, 1998. Hoglund, Arthur William. â€Å"Finnish Immigrants in America, 1880-1920† New Hampshire: Ayer Company, 1979. Nolan, Stuart. Belgiums imperialist rape of Africa. Internet (6 September1999) http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/sep1999/king-s06_prn.shtml, April 11, 2008. Povell, M. The History of Vietnamese Immigration. American Immigration Law Foundation Internet (Last updated June 2, 2005) Available: http://www.ailf.org/awards/benefit2005/vietnamese_essay.shtml, April 11, 2008. Schultz, S. K. 1999. Foreign Immigrants in Industrial America. Internet. Available: March 30,: http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/lecture08.html, April 11, 2008.

Pains :: essays research papers

While I have yet to experience the thrills of fatherhood, I would be astounded to learn that the author was not a father himself. When reading this poem, I actually felt the compassion, and love, for which the author was feeling towards his daughter. In my opinion, there are actually two stories being told within this poem. The first simply being a narrative of what the author is experiencing at a certain moment of time, and the second is that of an underlying theme of love and pride that a father feels towards his daughter. The poem begins with the father listening to his daughter typing a story on her typewriter. The authors description of her typing as, â€Å"Like a chain hauled over a gunwale†, gives the reader the feeling that she is really into her work and typing with all of her might. It is clear that the daughter takes her writing seriously. The father then comments on his young daughter’s struggle through life. He states, â€Å"Of her life is a great cargo, and some of it is heavy†. While he doesn’t give details of the hardships she has incurred, it is clear that she has had some sorrow in her life. The father’s enjoyment of listening to his daughter’s labor of love is suddenly ended, upon hearing the typing cease. He states that the stoppage was, â€Å"As if to reject my thought and its easy figure†. It’s as if his world has temporarily stopped, and he feels the pain that his daughter is feeling while looking for her next words to write. The quietness must be intense, as he states; â€Å"The whole house seems to be thinking†. And then, as quickly as the typing had stopped, it began again. At this point in the poem, the father starts to reminisce about an incident that occurred two years prior, in the very same room that his daughter is working. He tells a story of a starling, which had become trapped, inside the room. Both the father and the daughter watched as the bird struggled to find its way out of the room. The details given by the author, give an image of a beautiful bird that is fighting for its life, to get back to it’s comfort zone outdoors. He uses the lines, â€Å"Batter against the brilliance, drop like a glove To the hard floor, or the desk-top†. I see this as an analogy of his daughter battering against the keys, maybe throwing her hands to her head, and slumping over.

Pope Urban Ii and the First Crusade

Pope Urban II’s decision to launch the First Crusades altered Medieval Europe politically, socially, and economically. The Pope stressed the religious and economic importance of the Eastern churches and Jerusalem that had both been taken over by Muslim Turks. Previously Vikings and Muslims had been attempting to invade most Western European countries and were troubling them but were soon defeated. All across Europe countries were economically recovering and looking for ways to expand. With the growth of people entering the Catholic Church many people were looking for ways to honor God.Then Pope Urban II announced a Crusade and many countries were eager to assist in his religious mission into the East. Pope Urban II’s motive to launch The First Crusade in 1096 A. D. was to recover the many Eastern churches that had been conquered by the Muslim Turks and with the land they reclaimed they would create a Christian State in Jerusalem for Christians to control. The soldiers w ere extremely passionate about the battle; they created the symbol of a cross with any red material they could find and sewed it onto their armor.The red cross became the unofficial symbol for the crusades and was worn by nearly every soldier in the army. The war was called the Crusade, because the word crusade is derived from the Latin word crux which means cross. Until 1065 Christians were granted safe travel to Jerusalem which was controlled by the Saracens but the Muslim Turks defeated them and took control of The Holy Land. The Holy Land, which is called Jerusalem was where Jesus was crucified, buried, and rose from the grave and is the most sacred of places for all Christians.The Saracens were another group of Muslims but were rivals with the Turks. When the Turks took control of Jerusalem they massacred 3,000 Christians that were in the city at the time and tortured all the other Christians that were left. This alarmed the Pope and he realized that the Christians needed to co ntrol the Holy Land for themselves. At the beginning of Pope Urban II’s campaign into the East he declared the importance of creating a Christian State in the Holy Land. Not allowing Christians to enter the Jerusalem startled the Pope and the battle for its recovery was important to everybody within the church.The Crusaders were facing an uphill battle in taking on the Turks. The Turks would be fighting on their own land and knew the geography of the land as opposed to the Crusaders who were traveling into unknown territory. Pope Urban II was widely encouraged to lead the Crusades himself but decided he was not fit to lead an army into battle. Seeing no one capable of controlling so much power and men, knights just followed their local overlords into battle. The Pope appointed a Bishop named Adhemar to keep the overlords working together in their conquest into the East.Many people believed that because of the lack of unified leadership there would be problems with authority t hat would lead to ultimate failure but Adhemar did his job of keeping peace between the overlords. Another reason many believed The Crusaders would fail is that Europe’s economy was just recovering from years of battles compared to the wealthy and stable trading economy of Turks. Like all wars, it would cost Europe a lot of money. They would need to be able to feed their soldiers, supply them with armor and weapons, and pay them when they return.With Europe’s economy growing it was narrowly able to sustain a war but compared to the Turks they were at a significant disadvantage. Because of their central location in the ancient world the Turks were very successful in trading between Asia and Eastern Europe. The Turks were overconfident of their dominance in battle. They had recently expanded their territory and maintained a strong military and were used to the varied conditions of Eastern Europe. The Crusaders had to march across mountains and plains under the harsh sun. The Turks were surprised with the ferocity and dedication of the Crusaders. Because of this they were defeated to the surprise of people around Europe. Many believed that God had won the battle for them in the face of adversity. At the beginning of the war many countries across Europe revised their taxing system to make sure they did not fall short during the war. All countries raised their taxes to accommodate the cost of war and that made the people in Europe worry if they would survive it throughout the war.When countries interact with each other, the trading of goods usually takes place. The Byzantine Empire consistently exchanged currency with the soldiers of the many European countries fighting in the war. Disagreements about the ratio of trading currencies arose many times during the First Crusade. The French believed they were unfairly being treated for the amount that their currency was being traded for. This began the first legislation between the two countries declaring t he value of French currency.Jerusalem was very successful in the early years of its independence. They maintained close economic and political ties to all the European countries that liberated them and provided them with an outlet into the rest of the ancient world. It was a very popular destination for religious tourism after thirty four years of not allowing anyone into the Holy Land. Many countries benefited from the creation of the Christian State that had very close political and economic ties to Europe.Jerusalem and the Byzantine Empire became very popular trading centers between many European countries and the unknown goods of the East. Foreign spices, paper, and alternate currencies began arriving in Europe for the masses because of the strategic location along Eastern trade routes. Luxurious textiles became common for many Europeans with imports from the far reaches of Asia. This created a new market for foreign goods from all over the world that had never been seen in Euro pe before.Jerusalem became the link between the East and Europe bringing in a new era of goods from foreign lands. It also became the religious center for the world and was very successful. In 1099 the Pope passed away shortly before the Crusaders returned to France to celebrate their victory. His death was followed by a very successful time in Europe when the economy was flourishing around the world. Jerusalem became the longest standing Crusader State until it fell in 1291 when the Muslim Turks recovered and reclaimed the land they believed was theirs.

Marketing Best Buy Case Essay

Dual branding – the association of two or more already well recognized trademarks in a synergistic retail setting designed to benefit each – is one of the fastest growing areas in franchising. Dual Branding has become a rage in the marketing arena, with companies realizing that isolation is not after all the best policy. Dual Branding is quite beneficial such that: Many line extensions capitalize on a partner’s brand equity. Brand extension success rates are maximized in the new market when co-branded with the reputed brand that has established in that market. Co-branding may help usage extension. Image reinforcement may take place due to co-branding. Loyalty programs increasingly include co-branding arrangements. The corporations are sharing the cost of loyalty programs; hence, the promotional costs to the companies are coming down. Co-branding signals a trade marketing operation. Capitalizing on the synergies among a number of brands is yet another advantage of co-branding. (blog, 2007) There are some disadvantages such as: -Brand Cannibalization -Difficult to manage two different brands, due to splitting in Ad spend. -Possibility of blurring brand identity in the eyes of the consumer. -Duplication of roles of the corporates. (Kumar, 2012) Some examples of dual branding are: Toyota and Lexus. The Toyota brand will introduce Safety Connect on select Toyota models, helping to bring its drivers an added peace of mind. Lexus will introduce Lexus Enform with Safety Connect, a service built on the foundation of valuable safety and security services with the added layer of more convenience-oriented features and specialized advanced technologies. (Group, 2010) Best Buy and Future Shop. Best Buy Co. is the largest consumer electronics retailer in Canada. It just happens that most of its sales are coming from its Future Shop business. A couple of years back, when it acquired Future Shop for $377 million, it was assumed the parent company would re-brand the 91 stores it purchased under the Best Buy banner, reports the Pioneer Press. Instead, Best Buy decided to forego conventional wisdom and operate the two competing divisions separately and in at least one case, putting stores directly across the street from one another. (Anderson, 2003) What did Best Buy learn from its experience with dual brand strategy in Canada? Even though it was a new experience for the Best Buy International team to implement a dual- brand strategy it was the perfect opportunity to implement such strategy due to the situation in the Canadian market. In Canada, there was only one big player which was Future shop with only had 15% share; therefore they knew there was a space for a second major player. The most important thing they learned is to be aware that markets often have different ways of being approached. In this case, they learned it from the dual-brand strategy they used because both stores; Best Buy and Future Shop offered different consumer experiences. Best Buy is characterized by â€Å"higher propensity towards self- service; non-commissioned sales staff; greater assortment of ready- made electronics packages; wider aisles and more interactive displays; higher ratio of female customers, seeking to integrate products into their lifestyles; customers with higher incomes and higher levels of education†. Meanwhile Future shop wants to show â€Å"commissioned sales staff guiding the customer by providing customized, trusted and personalized approach; tech savvy, early adopters looking for the best deal; customer base more diverse†. What they learned is that consumers behave differently, therefore implementing dual- brand strategy in Canada is a good way to increase profit (almost double profit in only a year) but it is also important to keep in mind that not all markets behave the same way, so it is best to study them first before implementing any strategy. How does the Best Buy situation in China differ from its situation in Canada? The costumers and the market were totally different, for example in Canada they had one big competitor which end up being part of the best buy family even though they keep the name of â€Å"future shop†, at the end in Canada both companies handle very good the market because both were profitable. In china the costumers were not easy to convince to buy stuff in general and also when they buy the profit margins were too low, and if this wasn’t difficult enough, best but had to deal with a competence of 4 more companies that in total just shore 20% of the market, being the only foreign company making them lose some market segment. One of the main information that Best Buy found was that the Chinese consumers care more about the characteristics of the product rather than the brand, so in order to deal with this new preferences they decide to distributed different their first local in Shanghai, the products were assorted by categories, not by brands. (Miller) Does a dual-brand strategy provide Best Buy with a core competitive advantage as it expands into new global markets? We believe it does, because when they buy an existing company, they start learning from another approach, an inner vision about the local market they are about to invest in, then they end up being a more profitable alliance because when Best Buy enters in the market it start stealing costumers for all the companies, even the one who has an alliance with, and it end up with a bigger market share, the proportion depends of how successful is the entrance strategy. It also helps the image of the local brand in order to support the other in the early days, later when both are profitable they can manage the prices easier in order to avoid cannibalization. (Miller) Product analysis. IPHONE 5. ATTRIBUTES. â€Å"A remarkably slim design that still makes room for a larger display and a faster chip. Ultrafast wireless that doesn’t sacrifice battery life. And all-new headphones designed to sound great and fit comfortably. So much went into this iPhone.† â€Å"Thin, sleek, and very capable. It’s hard to believe a phone so thin could offer so many features: a larger display, a faster chip, the latest wireless technology, an 8MP iSight camera, and more. All in a beautiful aluminum body designed and made with an unprecedented level of precision. iPhone 5 measures a mere 7.6 millimeters thin and weighs just 112 grams.1That’s 18 percent thinner and 20 percent lighter than iPhone 4S. The only way to achieve a design like this is by relentlessly considering (and reconsidering) every single detail — including the details you don’t see.† More beautiful maps. Elements in Maps are vector based, so graphics and text are incredibly detailed and panning is smooth. Use the tilt and rotate gestures to view an area, and Maps keeps the names of streets and places where they belong. Turn-by-turn navigation. When approaching a turn, Maps speaks the directions, so you can watch the road. Follow along with 3D views: Signs and arrows make it easy to see where you’re headed. And if traffic’s bad, Maps offers alternative routes. Traffic info. Maps uses real-time traffic conditions to calculate your ETA. It is easy to get details about incidents that are causing traffic jams, so people can tell if there’s a major accident ahead or just a temporary slowdown. Flyover. See the world from a whole new perspective with photo-realistic and interactive 3D views of select major metro areas. Explore like never before as you zoom, pan, and rotate around a city and its landmarks. Video calls on tap. FaceTime works right out of the box — no need to set up a special account or screen name. And using it is as easy as it gets. Better call clarity. Built-in microphones work together to provide clearer sound and reduce background noise. (group A. ) BRANDING STRATEGY â€Å"It may be apple season (with a small â€Å"a†) in many parts of the Northern Hemisphere, but globally it’s Apple season (with a capital â€Å"A†). That’s because today Apple will announce the new iPhone 5 in advance of its launch. And like every other Apple launch in recent memory there will be a flood of pre-orders and lines of eager consumers outside Apple stores as soon as it goes on sale. Why is that? Because unlike most companies, Apple actually launches its products.† We’re experiencing this right now with the launch of the new iPhone 5, as we have with the launch of most Apple products over the last decade. It’s not just the product or the price or place or the promotion that is causing the sensation. But it the skillful way in which all four of these elements are orchestrated in the launch strategy that makes the offer seamless and irresistible. By investing in building brand equity before the launch Apple doesn’t start from a position of consumer inertia. They do the heavy lifting in advance of launch date which makes take off seem so effortless. In fact, they make it look so easy we forget it’s marketing and simply accept it as a law of nature: Apple products sell. But this phenomenon is not unique to Apple. It’s available to any marketer whether you are selling pharmaceuticals or farm equipment. The key is early planning especially when online networking (a.k.a. social media) is part of your launch strategy.† (Duffy, 2012) The huge promise of the Apple brand, of course presents Apple with an enormous challenge to live up to. The innovative, beautifully-designed, highly ergonomic, and technology-leading products which Apple delivers are not only designed to match the brand promise, but are fundamental to keeping it. The recent emphasis on the iPhone 5’s manufacturing build quality and design standards reflect this importance. Apple fully understands that all aspects of the customer experience are important and that all brand touch-points must reinforce the Apple brand. Apple has expanded and improved its distribution capabilities by opening its own retail stores in key cities around the world in up-market, quality shopping venues. Apple provides Apple Mac-expert retail floor staff to selected resellers’ stores (such as Australian department store David Jones); it has entered into strategic alliances with other companies to co-brand or distribute Apple’s products and services (for example, HP who was selling a co-branded form of iPod and pre-loading iTunes onto consumer PCs and laptops in the mid-2000s – though in retrospect this may now just have been a stepping-stone). Apple has also increased the accessibility of iPods through various resellers that do not currently carry Apple Macintosh systems, and has increased the reach of its online stores. From a brand architecture viewpoint, the company maintains a â€Å"monolithic† brand identity – everything being associated with the Apple name, even when investing strongly in the Apple iPod and Apple iTunes products. Apple’s current line-up of product families includes not just the iPod and iTunes, but iMac, iBook, iLife, iWork, iPhone, iPad, and now iCloud. However, even though marketing investments around iPod are substantial, Apple has not established an â€Å"i† brand. While the â€Å"i† prefix is used only for consumer products, it is not used for a large number of Apple’s consumer products (eg Mac mini, MacBook, Apple TV, Airport Extreme, Safari, QuickTime, and Mighty Mouse). (group, 2013) When we see the packaging we already know what the content is going to be and what company produces it, it has a picture and the name of the phone at the very front and on the side respectively and also the apple that represents the company on another side of it. The first impression when we look at the packaging of the iphone 5 is how practical, modern, cute and easy to carry is. This small box comes in black or white, it is covered with a thin, see-through plastic bag. It is very small; it can almost fit in our pockets. The secondary packaging, the one inside the cardboard box is made of plastic, to protect the contents inside: the charger, the usb cable and the headphones. The labels are also inside the box; it brings a manual with all the instructions, very reliable and easy to understand. The labeling presents all the information of the product, from where it was made, assembled and it shows how to use the product and the steps to follow before turning it on. (Group B. i., 2013) Since Apple has become such important and recognized brand, known for its reliable and good quality products, we can not only say apple has standardized their products to clients but we can also say the client has standardized to apple, in this case to the iphone 5. Clients in many countries have adopted the iphone 5 and it is due to the many functions it offers, one basic function in order to be adopted by consumers is changing the language of the phone. But one thing that makes apple very special is its apps. From the phone you can download applications that are very useful wherever you are. For example ‘Maps’, if you are here in Colombia, it will be useful but it will also be useful if you are in China. Anyone can download any app they want, and apple offers a lot of apps that are useful, some more than others, depending on the country.

GCSE Poetry

GCSE Poetry English Course WorkJamie FernbackAnalyse The Ways in which fear and fearful situations are presented in the poems you have chosenFear and fearful situations are very prominent in the six poems I have chosen. Although they may be expressed in different ways and contexts, they seem to link together. I will be looking at the content and poetic language, comparing the poems as I progress.Fear of the world, creation and society is a very strong and bold theme is the poems I have studied. "Do not go gentle into that good night" by Dylan Thomas explores the fear of death and not fulfilling hopes. "Burn and rave at the close of day", this implies that when you are in your dying hours be unrestrained and not hold back. The end of life being near is implied, in the reference to the "dying of the light". The choice of the word "Burn" suggests that the person is in a sense of torture, or even a sense of hell.Welsh poet Dylan ThomasIt's as if Thomas is pleading to someone not to give in, he wants him or her to go out with a swansong. The dichotomy between "blaze like meteors", showing signs of life as they require so much energy, and "blind eyes" which shows death as if the body is dying itself and its functions are shutting down, this shows that life has two sides that are separate, energy of life and the fatal position of death. The idea of a swan song is furthered, "rage, rage against the dying of the light", you need to go out with a bang. "Do not go gentle" is Thomas' plea that he die fighting for life, instead of being weak in the face of death go fearlessly and don't succumb.There is a sense of awe and fear in "The Tyger" by William Blake. " In what distant depths or skies burnt the fire of thine eyes", shows that it's frightening that creation can spark from a vast emptiness, a void, and "distant depths". The spark of this energy comes into the " fire of thine eyes". The act of creation involves a fearsome strength and the mention by Blake of "dread hands" and "drea d feet" shows that there is an omnipresent fear, a great fear, of what could happen. "Grasp" and "clasp!" shows that God or a God-like creature needs to work hard to harness such dangerous energy. The extended metaphor of him being a blacksmith, "what the hammer?" "In what furnace?" "what the anvil?" shows the strength and energy of this creation. This makes you have the emotion of awe; we respect the creator but also fear them due the amount of energy they harness. "Forests of the night" is another unsettling image used by Blake At one level this can be seen as a nightmare image of a forest but this could also be the same fear of emptiness as mention above. This fear created in the face of divine strength is clever as a tiger in itself is a fearful creature.Fear of death as explored in Dylan Thomas' "Do not go gentle" is also explored in "War Photographer" by Carol Ann Duffy although in this poem, the theme is tackled indirectly through the aftermath of war. Although the photojour nalist is producing the photos for the public, he faces the horror of the war "alone" in the darkroom. This sense of isolation is furthered later on in the poem as "his editor will pick out five or six" showing that the editor is only interested in the most engaging pictures and not what the people there would have felt at that moment of time. Also this happens when talking about the readers, "reader's eyeballs prick with tears between the bath and pre lunch beers"; it shows the readers acknowledge the horror of war but its only for a limited time "between the bath and pre lunch beers". The developing process of the photos perhaps engages the fear of death. When the pictures were taken he didn't have the chance to see how they looked, he waits what emerges from the "spools of suffering". This use of sibilance emphases the pain Carol Ann Duffy wanted the reader to acknowledge. There is also an extended metaphor to describe the whole process as if it is as if it's a mass. This is beca use the whole process is like the sacred and solemn act of mass. It also helps him control the chaos and the horror of war as he can do it in an ordered manner. But his emotions do break through, as the images appear on the photographic paper a "half formed ghost".As in "The Tyger" by William Blake, "La Belle Dame sans Merci" by John Keats also explores the fear of something bigger and the super natural. The medieval and mythical setting of the poem adds to a feeling of eeriness in the atmosphere. "O what can ail thee" shows that there is something wrong with the "knight at arms" who should be noble and strong. The way Keats uses a pathetic fallacy straight away in the first stanza is very clever, the Knight seems to be weak "palely loitering" and "sedge has withered" showing its dying or ill too. The constant mention of illness causes the sense to become foreboding and ominous, we learn he is "haggard and so woe begone". It seems that the Knight is worn out and furrowed in pain "ha ggard". The image of him acting "paley" is furthered as he is also described as having a "lilybrow". He also comes to be ill, "anguish moist and fever-dew" he seems to being sweating as implied my "anguish moist". The drops of sweat are like morning "dew". The illness is extended "thy cheek a fading rose", which shows his colour is fading from his face. The medieval theme is carried on as the mention of "lily" has chivalric connotations, as the Fleur de Lys is associated with French chivalric literature. The embedded narrative in stanza 4 of the ballad is where the Knight begins to tell his tale "I met a lady". "Faery's child" links back to its archaic setting of the poem. The description that her "eyes were wild" shows she is a nature spirit. As he tried to court her she seemed to reciprocate "looked at me as she did love me". "I set her on my pacing steed", is a sign that the relationship is still positive and that the Knight is still positive and decisive. A fear of God also appe ars in "La Belle Dame sans Merci" as it did in "The Tyger". The forbidden fruit perhaps is hinted at in the mention of "manna" which is the fruit from heaven. "Language strange" is expressing through the biblical association that he is becoming hypnotised by her it is almost intoxicating. The idea of him being hypnotised is shown "lulled me asleep" and then "I awoke and found me here", he has fallen asleep then she leaves and he awakes alone. His dreams of an underworld, comparable to that in Homer's Odyssey; there he meets others that have fallen and become trapped in her "thrall". His fear that previously was eliminated returns she does not actually love him, but she is motirelesly malignant."My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning explores a fear of oppression and being oppressed. While the newly widowed Duke shows round an ambassador around his gallery to arrange a marriage to a daughter of very powerful and rich family, he comes to a halt at a portrait of his late wife. She appears to be a good-looking young woman. This image is suddenly shattered as the duke begins to reminisce that she did not appreciate his "gift of a nine-hundred-years- old name." Her was clearly ordered by the Duke "[he] gave demands. all smiles stopped together". It is as if the Duke is sat in a councillor's office and he is flowing, he is saying in detail what he feels about his late wife and all the problems she seemed to cause. "Just this, or that in you disgusts me; here you miss, or there exceed the mark" the Duke's sanity becomes questioned. The inappropriate use of this word makes you think about other ways in which the Duke can be inappropriate. This pointed is further emphasised by his explanation that if the duchess did something he did not like he would find a new duchess. The fear is of someone being greater than yourself is, jealously. This features very strongly in "My Last Duchess" as the duke was clearly jealous of his late wife. "Such stuff was courtesy, she thought, an d cause enough for her to call up that spot of joy", the Duke believes that the duchess only blushes to compliments when it suits her at compliments. "Call up" is the idea that its voluntary and she makes the decision. But as a reader we can see that the duke's jealously is irrational, and that the blushes are just a natural reaction.The fear of the evil of human society is prevalent in "Prayer Before Birth" by Louis MacNeice. One major theme is that the world is a cruel and dangerous place " I fear the human race". "I am not yet born yet" at the start of each stanza gives the reader an idea that the poem is like a prayer "forgive me", asking forgiveness for sins. Emphasis on the fact that the child isn't even born yet, he has an adult conscience and understands the danger and troubles of the world, creating an ominous tone to the poem. After the start of each stanza there follows a plea from the child by the use of an imperative. The first stanza expresses fear through use allitera tion in "blood sucking bat", which is an image of horror; even the mind of an unborn seems to have become corrupted. "Drugs dope" shows us the child understands the danger some humans can be to us. A strong feeling of claustrophobia is created by use of internal repetition "tall walls wall me" and "black racks rack me", illustrating the hopelessness of escaping the corruption and danger mentioned throughout the poem. There is then created a hint of optimism in what life holds, "sky to sing to me", the soft sound created by the sibilance is much softer than the alliteration used in "drugs dope me" and the imagery shows hope. MacNeice's use of personification throughout the poem is clever as it shows the child wishes to stay in harmony with nature "the desert calls". This feeling of fear of humans, and the destruction which can be caused by humans, will link with the period in which it was written. As, in 1944, Britain was being bombed in the Second World War. "Forgive me" shows that the child is already acknowledging that it will inevitably sin as a cause of human nature and society. "White waves call me to folly" shows that even nature may become harmful, which shows the impossibility of someone being able to stay innocent and pure forever. "White" the colour that is normally a sign of peace and innocence, is now linked with the potential danger that the child will face, MacNeice's use of irony is very well thought out.1

The Main Principles of Effective Practice In the Teaching And Essay

The Main Principles of Effective Practice In the Teaching And Assessment of Reading - Essay Example This essay stresses that fluency is an important aspect of teaching how to read, albeit it's rather difficult task to accomplish this. However, fluency in reading is the key that enables the reader to understand completely, quickly, and expressively what he has read along with good comprehension. Effective instruction in fluency leads to overall improvements in reading, which is reached through accuracy in word recognition, assisted reading, and synergistic instructional routines. Parents must be aware of incorporating teaching into their children’s daily lives, which would then be enhanced in the classroom. This paper makes a conclusion that reading is an activity that every child must improve skills on, and educators must focus on different strategies in order for the child to enhance his reading skills. This paper claims that the main principles of effective practice in the teaching and assessment of reading are involves attention to minor aspects of reading such as letters and individual words, understanding the whole meanings of the text, and application of relevant models/theories in the reading process. Guided reading is an effective reading strategy that enables teachers and parents to achieve this goal for the child, which is likewise supported by different models and theories. The Balanced Reading Approach is the specific approach that may be employed in guided reading through effective combination of instructional approaches and accommodating different learning styles.

Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business - Research Paper Example Exxon which is now comes under the brand name of Exxon Mobil was once the worlds largest oil company. It captured 50 percent of the market share and was considered as the largest growing oil company in the world. This was until the debacle struck and the company's crisis management came under extreme criticism and disparagement. In 1989, while the Exxon Valdez oil tanker was on its way to California, the ship ran aground on the Prince William Sound and began spilling oil in large quantities. This was a catastrophic event and could only be taken better care of provided action was taken immediately. This was a large crisis for the company and needed instantaneous action and management in order to control, if not cease, the damage that was occurring with the passage of time. It is said that the accident occurred due to the overdose of alcohol consumed by the captain of the ship and other crew members who were responsible for the docking the ship and avoiding it to run aground. The event that occurred could be taken care of if there was some instant action implemented to control the leakage and avoid the environmental damage. However, the major factor that aggravated the media and the general public was the way the company handled the situation. (The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill) The efforts that Exxon took to control the damage were slow, but the reactions and dealings that they had in response to the damage they cause were even slower. There were a number of factors that caused Exxon to create a negative impact over the community and affect their public relations so greatly that it would permanently dent their standing and status among the general public. Time is of the essence in cases of crisis and that is what is considered as the fired error that the company made. It is argued that if the company had taken quick steps, it could have made better attempts at resolving the loss whilst the weather was under control as after days of the oil spill the weather worsened re sulting in damage that was almost doubled. Moreover, the chairman of the company made no attempts in visiting the site of accident and taking control which caused uproar in the public blaming the company for being laid back and careless over the incident and showed that the company did not consider the issue important enough to involve the high level management. it was although, claimed by the chairman that there was nothing he could do personally by going there and it would just waste time. This was one of the major reasons that caused a negative public image as in events of crisis it is important for the company to take initiative and show that they are concerned, alarmed and worried about the damage caused. Throughout the event, Exxon kept away from the media and the press. This was another cause for the bad public relations that it created. The company did not disseminate any information to the public initially except for in a remote town of Valdez and when it did it was critici zed for being contradictory, underestimated and often false information. Moreover, Exxon ignored taking the responsibility of the action and damage caused. It held the federal officials responsible for the hindrance in containing the spill while after 10 days of the incident the company ran an advertisement in the newspapers apologizing for the loss but still not taking any responsibility for it. This