Early Preterm Delivery And Breast Cancer - 2952 Words

Abstract Human breast tissue differentiates during pregnancy, and its regression thereafter results in anti-carcinogenic properties. Theoretically, women who delivery prematurely do not gain the anti-carcinogenic benefits of a full-term pregnancy and may be at an increased risk for breast cancer compared to women who carry to term. Limited amount of research has been conducted to determine if case studies support a positive correlation between early preterm delivery (PTD) and breast cancer in the mother. Four of five extracted articles agree that early preterm delivery (≠¤ 32 weeks) of a woman’s first child is associated with increased breast cancer development. This review introduces the stages of breast lobule development, theory behind†¦show more content†¦During this time, primary and secondary ducts grow and divide, forming terminal end ducts. Alveolar buds surround terminal end ducts like a bunch of grapes, signifying the formation of type 1 lobules. Follic le stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone cycles during menstrual periods will increase the size and number of alveolar buds, which transforms the alveolar buds of type 1 lobules into ductules of type 2 lobules (Figure 1). Type 1 lobules have approximately 11 alveolar buds surrounding the terminal end bud, and type 2 lobules have an average of 47 ductules. This is the extent of tissue differentiation in nulliparous women (Russo, 2004). During pregnancy, especially in the last weeks, increased concentrations of estrogen and progesterone stimulate further breast tissue development and differentiation that does not occur in nulliparous women (Innes Byers, 2004). Ductules continue to grow and proliferate around terminal end ducts, signifying the development of type 3 lobules, which have a cluster of approximately 80 ductules (Russo, 2004). Type 3 lobules transition into type 4 when ductules generate secretory capabilities and are therefore recognized as acini. Lumina of the acini become distended with colostrum in the later half of gestation (Russo, 2004). After pregnancy, type 4 lobules regress into type 3 lobules once more. Regression, also called involution, is an inflammatory response that clears secretory epithelial cells from the

Enn1504 Formats - 2280 Words

15MEMO EXAMPLE MTHATHA SUPERETTE MEMORANDUM TO: All members of staff FROM: J Bloggs Manager DATE: 2 October 2008 ANNUAL STOCKTAKING: 17–18 OCTOBER 2008 As discussed at the staff meeting held on 23 September 2008, all members are invited to participate in the annual stocktaking exercise on the weekend of 17–18 October 2008. To complete this task with as little disruption to normal business as possible, staff members may work on either Saturday, 17 October or Sunday, 18 October, from 08:00 to 18:00. In keeping with company policy and legislation, relevant overtime rates will apply. If you would like to participate, please indicate on the list in my office whether you will work on the Saturday or Sunday. Please do this before†¦show more content†¦Apologies 4. Minutes of the previous meeting 5. Matters arising from the minutes of the previous meeting 5.1 Financial report 5.2 Appointment of new treasurer 6. New matters 6.1 Selection procedure changes for new bursary awards 6.2 Awards ceremony for outstanding achievements 7. General 8. Next meeting 9. Closure Ms H du Toit Secretary 2 August 2007 MINUTES ESKOM Minutes of a meeting of technical staff supervisors held in the Mkondeni Boardroom, on 19 July 2007 1. Welcome The Chairperson opened the meeting and welcomed everyone present. 2. Present Mr N Semunya (Chairperson) Ms AJ Asmal (Secretary) 17 staff members as per attached attendance register. 3. Apologies Mr S Ramsurap 4. Minutes of the previous meeting Minutes of the meeting of 14 June 2007 had been circulated and were taken as read. The minutes were approved subject to the following correction: Item 2 Attendance: The spelling of Mr Semunya’s surname was corrected. 5. Matters arising from the previous meeting 5.1 New computers (point 6.1 of the meeting of 14 June) Mr Smith reported that the 20 new computers had been purchased, as decided during the previous meeting. He said that the computers would be installed by the 22nd of July 2002.104 STUDY UNIT 3 6. New matters 6.1 Low productivity Mr Breytenbach reported that the department was experiencing a lower level of productivity caused by the difficulty of coordinating employees’ wishes to attend to private affairs in working hours. Management

New Moon Book Report Free Essays

This book report is being written for Mr. Reynold Bassant, lecturer for Comparative Literature. The book which was carefully selected is New Moon, it was written by Stephanie Meyer, one of the most promising new authors of this century. We will write a custom essay sample on New Moon Book Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book has 563 pages and was first published in hard cover by Little Brown and Company in September 2006, in the United States of America. After mass circulation and the sale of two million copies, the book became the New York Times Number One bestseller for 2007. It was later published in soft cover by First Media Tie in September 2009. As a sequel to The Twilight Saga, New Moon is now a major motion picture which has received numerous accolades. Even though this saga comes in four parts- Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, I chose to do this review on the second saga because it best documents the sacrifices, heartaches and forgiveness one faces in the trials of true love and friendship. What makes the book even more exciting is the fact that Meyer chooses to weave this web of friendship with a mortal human, a wolf boy and a 145-year-old vampire. I find the book intriguing because Meyer has created an amazing hybrid of romance, tragedy and adventure wrapped between the covers of this exciting sequel. The main characters of the book are Bella Swan, a 17-year-old high school student, her childhood friend and werewolf Jacob Black and Edward Cullen, a mind-reading vampire. Bella moves out of her mother’s home in Phoenix and goes to live with her father Charlie, who is a Sheriff. She promptly falls in love with Edward. Meanwhile, Jacob is a proud descendant of the Quileutes Indian tribe who lives in a reservation called La Push. He and several other Quileutes are honour bound to protect the town from blood thirsty vampires. Because of this both Edward and Jacob are mortal enemies and Bella is trapped in between her star-crossed supernatural love for Edward and her genuine friendship with Jacob. The villains of the book are Victoria, a revengeful vampire, and the ancient Volturi vampire family who uphold law and order among their immortal clan. Other important characters in this book are Edwards’s family- father Carlisle, mother Esme, sisters Rosalie and Alice and his brothers, Emmett and Jasper. Like Edward they are all â€Å"vegetarian vampires† who survive on animal blood. Carlisle is a prominent doctor who saves Bella’s life on two occasions. Alice is psychic who has an uncanny ability to predict the future. Her skill weaves a hypnotic thrill of suspense as she sets the pace for the various scenes in the book. Jasper can control moods with his mind while Emmett has brute strength. Rosalie is considered the most beautiful of the group while Esme is the glue that holds the family together. Meanwhile, Bella’s mother Rene and step-father Phil lives in Florida and keeps regular contact with her through e-mail. Jacob’s father is Billy, a wheel-chair bound Quileute warrior who holds all the secrets of La Push. There are at least six wolves headed by Sam Uley and includes Leah and Seth Clearwater, Quil Atera and Embry Call who safeguard human life in Forks and La Push. New Moon is undeniably a suspense thriller. The book is mainly set in the contemporary rainy town of Forks, located in Washington DC in the United States of America. Most of the scenes take place at Forks, at the La Push Indian reservation, located a few miles away, the town of Port Angeles and finally at Italy where the Volturi clan resides. Both Bella and Edward attend the Forks High school where they spend time with other friends such as Jessica Stanley, Angela and Mike Newton. But in the second chapter when Jasper attempts to attack Bella, Edward becomes concerned and decides to leave Bella so that she could enjoy her human life with someone from her own clan. He makes the ultimate sacrifice knowing that Bella could never fit into his world. When Edward leaves, Bella spends three months as a mere shadow of her former self. She becomes introverted and it was only when Charlie decides to send her back to Jacksonville with her mother that she decides to visit Jacob. She gives him two motorbikes to repair and starts spending all her afternoons at the Reservation. Bella soon realises that whenever she does anything risky, she hears Edward’s voice in her head, cautioning her. She becomes dependant on his voice in her head. When she jumps off a cliff to skydive, Alice gets a vision and Edward believes that Bella had committed suicide. Unable to live with himself, he goes to the Volturi hoping that they can end his life. The Volturi leaders Aro, Caius and Marcus refuse as they value Edward’s mind reading gift. Edward decides to reveal himself to Italians knowing that the ultimate penalty for such exposure would be death. But Alice gets another vision of Edward’s intentions and takes Bella to Italy to save him. She manages to stop him before he commits the act. But the Volturi captures them both. They eventually release Bella and Edward after they both confess their love. They are allowed to leave only when Edward promises to change Bella into a vampire. When they return home, Jacob is broken hearted because he had fallen in love with Bella and cannot believe that she would return to Edward after he rejected her. The book shows the trials of sacrifice and the tragedy of love, especially love that is star-crossed. Although New Moon is a fascinating book filled with myths and legends of ancient tribes, it is unfortunate that Meyer chooses to associate suicide with love. The book reveals that both Edward and Bella cannot live without each other. They both sacrifice themselves for each other’s happiness. While this is commendable, I believe that the emphasis on suicide in the final scene with the Volturi, as well as Bella’s apparent desire to die by doing risky things, is not healthy for the impressionable young readers who read this exciting trilogy. I also find fascinating the plot that Meyer uses where Bella saves Edward. This is a refreshing change from the usual plots where the hero saves the damsels in distress. There is also a strong emphasis on the importance of family and friendship which I find commendable. Therefore, I will definitely recommend this book to other readers as it is impossible to stop reading this sequel once you get started. The book gives one an insight into the sacrifices that we humans would make, in our quest to protect those whom we love. How to cite New Moon Book Report, Papers

Emerging Technologies and Innovation Digital Learning Program

Question: Discuss about theEmerging Technologies and Innovationfor Digital Learning Program. Answer: Introduction: A virtual learning environment is the environment which is based on web based platform usually implemented for digital learning program implemented in the educational schools and institutions. The focus of virtual learning environment is to make compatible the participants in the groups, utilization of resources, roles, cohorts, interaction of activities, and others within the structure of the course. In the virtual reality environment student can actively participate in the learning environment with experiments (Lujan, 2011). It also gives emphasis on different stages utilized in the assessment of working activities, development of report on the basis of participation, and integration with the different units of the institutions. The two major modules of virtual learning environment are authorization and designing environment (Resnik, 2015). The virtual reality learning system influences the teaching process to the high extent. Problem In Current Education System: The problems which are discovered in the current educational system are the societal factors which includes racism, poor structure, poverty, and others, inefficient in providing facilities for learning tactics, issues related to curriculum, process of accreditation which emphasise that the school should run like a family, inefficient training given to the teachers, problem of corruption in education system, and many others (Bresler, 2010). Importance of Solving these Problems: The education is the medium by which the individual is able to acquire skills and knowledge. The positive influence can be seen when the education come in the life of an individual. The awareness and expansion of vision can be seen. The life becomes more disciplined. The respect can be gained by the individual in all conditions. Earning opportunities can be opened to the individual. These all changes together bring the changes in the nation and helps to make a developing nation into developed nation. The unemployment can be eradicated from the country. The trade and commerce in the country can be improved. Purpose and Aim: The aim of this paper is to focus on the virtual reality and self-evaluation techniques in education what are the uses, and how efficient they will work in compatible with current education system. The goal of this project is to provide 3D virtual environment in the education system. The purpose of implementing the virtual reality and self-evaluation techniques in the education system are as follows: Virtual learning environment provides a new way and methods to support visualization. It focuses on visual representation of drawing. It plays the role of alternative method for presentation. The accuracy can be achieved in illustrating the features and processes of the object. The student can achieves motivation by the implementation of virtual reality in their learning environment. The social environment can be achieved by doing collaboration virtual worlds and text inputs. The learner can gain experience of reality in their regular curriculum of educational schedule. The student can actively participate in the learning environment with experiments. Expected Outcomes and Deliverables: The outcome of the virtual reality learning program is that the student can access those equipment and tools which are highly expensive and costly in reality. Multiple views and representation can be seen of the particular object. Virtual reality is the new paradigm for facilitating observation. Flexibility of repeating the process multiple times can be achieved (Buhalis, 2012). Graphics, audio, and videos can be seen by the implementation of virtual learning program in reality. Multi-language facility is also provided in the virtual environment. The student can actively participate in the learning environment with experiments (Brown, 2010). The virtual reality programs are efficient in making the abstract more concrete and visible to the real world (Reddy, 2014). Deliverables can be explained of some example given in the table: S no. Subject Examples Applicability 1. Geography Virtual Globe Visualization of geological sites Data related to satellite and space Good 2. Physics Relativistic effects can be simulated Simulation of Kinematics Study of dynamics Good 3. Astronomy Motion of the planets Virtual planetarium Good 4. Biology Visualization of the medical science Study of virtual microscope Virtual dissection Good 5. Chemistry Simulation of molecular science Good 6. History Ancient cities visualization Simulation of wars in the form of games Good 7. Geometry Construction of building in 3d environment Good 8. Analysis Visualization of the functions Good 9. Architecture Walkthrough, virtual models, Construction and planning Good 10. Economics Economic system can be simulated by making use of collaborative games Mediocre 11. Language No direct use Poor 12. Symbolic Maths No direct use Poor 13. Literature No direct use Poor Methodology: The methodology which is used for converting the current education system with the virtual reality learning environment can be achieved by the implementation of following methodologies which are summarised in the table below: S. no. Category of the framework Issues Measurement 1 Technical framework Usability Time should be given to learn the interface Comprehension of the instruction The environment should be physically and emotionally comfortable 2 Orientation framework Navigation Orientation of the spatial environment Immersion and the presence Feedback Time required for immersion Environment should be comfortable 3 Affective Engagement Preference Confidence Length of engagement Time to reach fatigue Reported and perceived enjoyment 4 Cognitive Conceptual changes Development of the new skills Performance within and outside the environment Think aloud and stimulated record technique Oral and written surveys Video documentation 5 Pedagogical General content Techniques for specific teaching Collaboration of techniques Comparison of techniques Acceptance of Avatar 6 Collaborative virtual reality The value can be added to the Collaboration of virtual reality with the instruction and learning programs Comparison of instruction and learning programs Outside collaboration with the virtual reality environment Work Breakdown Structure: Evaluation of the Learning Environment: The quality of learning capability of the student can be evaluated on the basis of two modules which are categorised as motivation of learning in the student and the satisfaction which their presence revels about the learning material available on the virtual environment. It has been observed that various teaching methods, setting of education according to the age of the student, and others helps in avoiding monotony in the student which in turn helps in bringing the motivation and satisfaction in the student. The achievement of the student reveals the performance and the impact of virtual reality in the education system. Design of evaluation can be described with the help of diagram below: Research Duration: The research on the virtual reality and self-evaluation in the education system is completed in 90 days. The research has set to work on 1 Sep, 2016 and completed on the 30 Nov, 2016. Conclusion: From the research, we have concluded that virtual reality learning system influence the teaching process to the high extent. The achievement of the student reveals the performance and the impact of virtual reality in the education system. Virtual learning environment provides a new way and methods to support visualization. It focuses on visual representation of drawing. It plays the role of alternative method for presentation. The student can actively participate in the learning environment with experiments. The accuracy can be achieved in illustrating the features and processes of the object. The virtual reality programs are efficient in making the abstract more concrete and visible to the real world. References: Lujan, G. (2011).Reason to use virtual reality in education(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://earthlab.uoi.gr/theste/index.php/theste/article/viewFile/22/17 Resnik, D. (2015).On the usability and likeability of virtual games for education.(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.unipi.gr/faculty/mvirvou/ComputersEducation_VirvouKatsionis_Revised.pdf Bresler, L. (2010).Issues in the design and evaluation of virtual reality learning environment(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.evl.uic.edu/documents/mariaroussou_thesis.pdf Buhalis, A. (2012).The benefits of virtual reality in education(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/39977/1/gupea_2077_39977_1.pdf Reddy, K. (2010).Virtual reality in the classroom(1st ed.). Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2775context=rtdsei- evaluation%20education%20research%20paper%20pdf%22 Brown, N. (2014).Teaching in virtual reality concepts and evaluation (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.evaluieren.de/infos/veroeff/002.pdf

Waterlily Book Review Essay Example For Students

Waterlily Book Review Essay Ella Cara Deloria, Waterlily (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009; new edition) 251 pgs Ella Cara Deloria (Yankton Nakota) whose translated Dakota name means Beautiful day, was born in 1887. She was born on the Yankton Siuox reservation in South Dakota. Delioria was brought up as a protestant and had strong ties to her cultural upbringing, which were huge influences on her. ( http://voices. cla. umn. edu/ artistpages/deloriaElla. php) Deloria was a member of one of the most influential and educated American-Indian families, her grandfather was a tribal leader; her father as a deacon in the reservations Episcopal mission church. vii) With the intention to become a teacher she first enrolled in Oberlin College in 1910 and then 1913 she enrolled in Columbia Teachers College, where she met Franz Boaz. Franz Boaz was a predominant anthropologist who studied the culture and language of her own Dakota people. Boaz inspired Deloria to create a number of published and unpublished manu scripts, including Waterlily. (xi) Throughout her life Ella maintained connections to her home places and her culture by lecturing, researching, and consulting. These things helped to make her one of the leading authorities on Dakota life and culture. We will write a custom essay on Waterlily Book Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In my opinion, her most remarkable contribution was writing one of the leading books in American-Indian literature, Waterlily. Waterlily is a novel which focuses on the lives of two women, mother and daughter, Waterlily and Blue Bird. The book is named after the daughter of Blue Bird and Star Elk, Waterlily. In the beginning of the book Star Elk abandons Blue Bird by throwing her away publically in an attempt to shame Bluebird, but the attempt did not work because Blue Bird roved herself as a respectable woman . (p. 5) This event brings Bluebird and Waterlily toa different tribe, where Blue Bird finds a suitable father and husband in Rainbow. (p. 31) The reader follows Waterlily through her Journey from birth to adulthood, through happiness and heartbreak, until she ultimately finds true love. The book explores the novel and extraordinary aspects of a Sioux womans life. I believe that Ella Cara Deloria wrote this book to educate people on the life of the Dakota Sioux, because America n-Indians are a subject ignored by many. I also believe hat she wrote the book to explore the lives of Dakota Sioux woman as well as to describe the strength and love that these woman and every woman are capable of. The book also did a fantastic Job of explaining and teaching the reader about the culture and experiences of a member of the Dakota Sioux tribe, before it was tainted by the arrival of the white man. I believe she chose Waterlily for the title because the book focuses on the life of Waterlily beginning at her birth. The book Waterlily , does a fantastic Job of explaining to the reader the roles of omen within the Dakota Sioux tribe. Bluebird, is the mother of Waterlily, whose role is to be a good wife, and mother as well as being hospitable and respectful to the sisters and mother of her husband. Blue Bird also had a responsibility to make useful things for the tribe as well as gifts. Glokus rolls were to take care of her rolls was to make her daughter-in-law feel included and loved by her entire side of the family. Gloku and Blue Bird were very close in part because of this role and also because they truly loved each other. Gloku loved and respected Blue Bird even before their families Joined thorough the marriage of her son Rainbow. Waterlilys roles are slightly more difficult to pinpoint because tribal roles change as a person ages. When Waterlily was a child her role was to be a child, her brother and cousins watched over her and protected her. As she aged into an older child her role was to take care of her younger siblings and cousins. She was also expected to begin taking an active role in the tribe so she could start to get a better understanding of what its ike to be a respected member of the tribe as an adult. .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .postImageUrl , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:hover , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:visited , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:active { border:0!important; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:active , .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue501addfce732cc45b4f51f0a92a9a1a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Entrepreneurship Process and Principles EssayAs Waterlily aged into a young woman her role was to act as a support for her family, primarily her brother. In a Dakota Sioux tribe sisters and brothers are completely devoted to each other, they do anything to help and love one another. When Watelily reached the age to marry, her roles shifted to become similar to the role of her mother, Blue Bird. There were many events in Waterlily which provided the reader with a window into life as a Dakota Sioux. At one point in the book Waterlily eats too much pemmican cake, which akes her very ill almost to the point of death. p. 72) While laying sick her step-father, Rainbow, promises to throw her a hunka ceremony, which would make her a child beloved, a very prestigious status. Later in the novel Rainbow brings his family on a trip to visit his kola where the family gets an opportunity to see the Dakota Sun Dance, which is one of the most important religious events for the Dakota. This ceremony held men, who had made oaths to their words these men fasted, wept, sang, or subjected themselves to ritualized scarring. While the Sun Dance was going on Waterlily observes a young boy named Lowanla, who made a promise to take out one hundred pieces of skin in return for his fathers good health, Lowanla fasts during the ceremony and one night Waterlily sneaks out of her tipi to deliver a bucket of water to the young boy. This boy was Waterlilys first love interest. During this ceremony Waterlily and her cousin had the opportunity to take part in the tree cutting ceremony, which was a coveted opportunity with the children of the tribe. (p. 110) Tisyopaye is the Sioux word for camp circle. A camp circle includes all relatives, including grandparents, parents, sibilings, aunts, uncles, cousins and any other relatives connected through blood, marriage or adoption. Waterlily, Blue Bird, Gloku, Rainbow, Little Chief, Smiling one, Leaping Fawn, and many others were part of Waterlilys Tisyopaye. This book is truly a gift; it opened my eyes to a world and culture that I was previously unaware of. The book focuses a lot on the theme of kinship, particularly the relationships between family members; in a lot of ways the Dakota family is far closer than the typical American family. I believe that one can learn a great deal about love and devotion by reading this book and getting an idea of how the Dakota people put their own selfish wants and needs aside for the good of the Tisyopaye Not only does the book have the ability to change how a person looks at their own life and relationships, but the story is magnificent. Once the book is finished the reader feels as if they have a better understanding of Dakota culture, as well as the satisfaction of reading a fantastic story.

Biology Essay Essays

Biology Essay Essays Biology Essay Paper Biology Essay Paper In the biological perspective, scientist often view the nervous system to be the most complex and significant body system in the human anatomy basically because of its function for the body and its processes. Indeed, sustaining damages to the nervous system has dangerous consequences for the body including seizures, paralysis, and comatose and even death. In this aspect, this paper aim to discuss and critical elaborate the scientific facts about the human nervous system and its anatomy. The human brain is basically part of the nervous system of the human anatomy as its controls, regulates and maintains the nervous functions and processes of the human body. Biologically, the brain is a complex concentration of nerve cells and fibers that is able to process and formulate significant number of nerve activities characterized by electrical impulses. The brain’s anatomy is basically divided into three regions classified to its characteristics and functions namely the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebrum handles all of the distinctly human activities such as speaking, reading, writing and others while the cerebellum handles the aspects of balance and body and muscle coordination. On the other hand, the brain stem serves as the communication port for the brain and the spinal cord as it contains billions of control points for nerve impulses. The nervous system is also composed of numerous nerve cells which are characterized and classified according to their functions namely the sensory or afferent and the motor or efferent. The sensory nerve cells are the medium for inward-traveling impulses wherein they transmit information from the senses to the brain. On the other hand, the motor nerve cells relay informations from the brain to the affected muscle regions for the appropriate body reaction to the impulse. Between the brain and the nerve cells, the spinal cord acts as the expressway for the transmissions and relays of impulses and their respective nervous reactions. Anatomically, the brain connects the brain to the collective nerve cells of the human body as it stretches to the back of the body. This serves as the master nerve tract and consists of millions of nerve fibers bundled together, somewhat like many small threads making up a large rope partially interwoven in the backbone for support.

Creative Metaphor - Definition and Examples

Creative Metaphor s A creative metaphor is an original comparison that calls attention to itself as a figure of speech. Also known as a  poetic metaphor, literary metaphor, novel metaphor, and unconventional metaphor.  Contrast with conventional metaphor  and dead metaphor.  American philosopher Richard Rorty characterized the creative metaphor as a challenge to established schemes and conventional perceptions: A metaphor is, so to speak, a voice from outside logical space. It is a call to change ones language and ones life, rather than a proposal about how to systematize them (Metaphor as the Growing Point of Language, 1991). Examples and Observations Her tall black-suited body seemed to carve its way through the crowded room.(Josephine Hart, Damage, 1991)Fear is a slinking cat I findBeneath the lilacs of my mind.(Sophie Tunnell, Fear)The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.(Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro)Yeatss Dolphin-torn . . . SeaThose images that yetFresh images beget,That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea.(W.B. Yeats, Byzantium)- Although this last line is acutely visual, its three main items, dolphin, gong and sea are as much literal as metaphoric elements of the scene: the poem had begun with the cathedral gong ringing out over the sea, and had gone on to speak of the dolphins in the waters around Byzantium. Of course, dolphin and gong also stand for something elsethe vitality of the living animal, the majesty and authority of religion over the spirit, but they do this primarily as images. Direct metaphor is reduced to a subordinate position here, in the words torn and tormented, since neither of them can literally be applied to water. The first very vividly catches the force with which the dolphin leaps from and returns to its elements. The second communicates the extent to which that element is troubled by the demands of the spiritual.(Stan Smith, W.B. Yeats: A Critical Introduction. Rowman Littlefield, 1990)- By using metaphors, much more can be conveyed, through implication and connotation, than through straightforward, literal  language. Take the case of . . . that literary metaphor dolphin-torn: what exactly is Yeats suggesting about the sea, and how else could this have been expressed? Just as writers convey meaning more open-endedly when they use metaphorical language, readers interpret less narrowly than they would literal language. So meaning is communicated between writer and reader in a less precise way, even though the metaphors may seem concrete and vivid. It is this imprecision, this fuzziness of meaning, which makes metaphor such a powerfu l tool in the communication of emotion, evaluation, and explanation too.(Murray Knowles and Rosamund Moon, Introducing Metaphor. Routledge, 2006) Creative Metaphors Outside LiteratureThe chaotic category creative metaphor includes typically literary examples such as novel metaphors and poetic metaphors. The crucial question is, however, whether it is possible to extend this category beyond literary examples. If this is possibleand an examination of the terms creative and creativity suggests that it isthen it will be possible to find many creative metaphors even in political discourse which is, actually, not very famous for being creative.(Ralph Mueller, Critical Metaphors of Creative Metaphors in Political Speeches. Researching and Applying Metaphor in the Real World, ed. by Graham Low, Zazie Todd, Alice Deignan, and Lynne Cameron. John Benjamins, 2010)Communicating Through Metaphors- Even though our individual stories are different, we communicate through the common language of metaphor by embodying our ideas in images and details. By ruminating upon ourselves, we also conjure stories of others. By this acknowledgment of othe rs experiences, we address a whole range of social, political, and cultural issues.Its impossible to live every life, fight every war, battle every illness, belong to every tribe, believe in every religion. The only way we come close to the whole experience is by embracing what we see both inside and outside the window of the page.(Sue William Silverman, Fearless Confessions: A Writers Guide to Memoir. University of Georgia Press, 2009)- The ground of appropriateness for a new insight provided by a creative metaphorthe compelling condition of the new similarity, what suggests that it fitscannot be restricted to a complex of established perspectives. For it is this complex, or some part of it, that is challenged by the new insight.(Carl R. Hausman, Metaphor and Art. Cambridge University Press, 1989)   See also: MetaphorLove Is a MetaphorThirteen Ways of Looking at a MetaphorUsing Similes and MetaphorsWhat Is a Metaphor?